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Objective: To describe the prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescent in Zhejiang province, and to analyze its distribution of different genders and school types to provide evidence for controlling the use of e-cigarette among adolescent. Methods: A total of 7 663 students from 60 middle schools through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling methods from Zhejiang province were surveyed by using questionnaire. Indicators as tried to use e-cigarette rate, current e-cigarette using rate, and other indicators were collected. All data were weighted by age proportions of adolescent in Zhejiang. Results: The prevalence of tried to use and current using e-cigarettes among middle school students were 6.99% and 1.45%, respectively; and there were 4.19% juniors who were susceptibility to future e-cigarette use. The rate of tied to use e-cigarette, current using e-cigarette and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use were higher in boys than in girls. The rate of current using e-cigarette was 2.07% for rural and 0.48% for urban. Technical secondary school students had the highest rate of tried to use e-cigarette and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use (13.53%, 6.91%). Junior school students (2.96%) had the lowest level of susceptibility to future tobacco use. The rate of tried e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use and susceptibility to future e-cigarette use were higher in the group of "One of students' parents was smoker" (8.63%, 2.19%, 5.23%). The highest rate of current smoking was found in the group of "Weekly allowance more than 50 Yuan" (10.02%, 2.54%, 6.29%). Compared to technical secondary school students, senior school student (OR=0.57) and junior school students (OR=0.45) were less likely to try to use e-cigarette. Students whose weekly allowance were less than 20 Yuan were less likely to try to use e-cigarette (OR=0.49). Students who were boys (OR=5.44) and one of their parents was smoker (OR=1.59) were more likely to try to use e-cigarette. Conclusions: There were middle school students with tried e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use, especially in technical secondary schools. The prevalence of e-cigarette using among middle school students increased with age. It is important to further spread of e-cigarette knowledge widely and deeply, and reduce the susceptible population of adolescents using e-cigarettes.
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Prevalence , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Products , VapingABSTRACT
Objective To study the emergency staff's knowledge, skills and their training demand in centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) at county and municipal levels in Zhejiang Province. Methods Using multistage cluster sampling, 518 emergency staff from 34 CDCs in Zhejiang Province were involved in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the emergency staff to evaluate their emergency knowledge and training demand. The differences between the staff from CDCs at county and municipal levels were evaluated. Results The average score of the emergency staff was 2.93 about all emergency knowledge. Some items' scores were lower, such as nuclear radiation control, first aid, risk management, ethics, laws and emergency system. The score of the survey items were similar at county and municipal level except education degree, positional title, and proportion of staff in emergency training, score of epidemiology, risk management and first aid. The highest degree of training demand was professional knowledge related to emergency response. The emergency staff inclined to the training mode (≥4) about short-term training, field guidance, drill and exercise and case study. Conclusion We should improve the health emergency training according to the demand and target of fostering inter-disciplinary talents for fieldwork. We should strengthen training of basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills, to cover the shortage. The short-term training and practical training should be the main training model.
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Objective To evaluate capacity among emergency staffs from center of disease control and prevention in Zhejiang Province at municipal and county levels, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 501 emergency staffs from 33 CDCs of the two levels in Zhejiang Province was involved in this study. Characteristics of the study population and their emergency acknowledge and capacities were collected by questionnaire. Rank test, correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the level of capacities and analyze the influencing factors. Results At municipal and county levels, there were 165 (32.93%) and 336(67.07%) emergency staffs respectively, and the median scores of emergency acknowledge were 60 and 58.33, and the lowest scores of the knowledge both were Nuclear/Radiation. The median scores of emergency capacities were 61.82 and 55.76, and the lowest score of the capacities were both Sampling/Detection. Ordinal multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the scores of emergency knowledge (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.16-1.22), senior title (ORprimary title=0.22, 95%CI: 0.13-0.39; ORmiddle title=0.37, 95%CI: 0.23-0.60), male (OR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.39-2.89), experience of emergency tour (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.01-2.61) and the level of CDC (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.06-2.34) were the positive influencing factors of emergency capacity. Conclusion In Zhejiang Province, there were significant weaknesses in the Nuclear/Radiation knowledge and Sampling/Detection ability among emergency staffs of municipal-level and county-level CDCs. Level, gender, title, scores of emergency knowledge and experience of emergency tour were the influencing factors.
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Objective Tolearntheparents'acceptanceofchargevaccinesandtheinfluencingfactors.Methods Totally 1869 parents with children of 0 -6 years old were selected with typical sampling and were investigated face to face.The awareness,acceptanceandinfluencingfactorsandservicedemandswereanalyzed.Results Therewere80.20%ofthe parents willing to give their children the charge vaccination.Compared with the local residents group,the other province resident group and other city resident group had a low probability to have charge vaccination (OR=0.777,OR=0.530). Parents who usually concerned about vaccine information were more likely to be vaccinated with charge vaccine (OR =1.307).Compared with other inoculation station,the stations which parents enjoying convenient service have higher inoculationrate(OR=1.673).Conclusion Mostparentshaveacceptedthechargevaccinationfortheirchildren. Health information and service quality of vaccination station are important influencing factors for accessibility of charge vaccination.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the nosocomial fungal infections in the patient with severe hepatitis and analyze of risk factor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 115 severe hepatitis with fungal infections inpatients was studied prospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified 115 cases with fungal infections, the mean age of patients was 37.2+/-21.5 years, male: 49 cases, female 66 cases. Infection of abdominal cavity accounted for 40.9%, infectious rate in respiratory tract and digestive tract were 26.9%, 21.8%, respectively. Candida albicans accounted for 67.6%. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotic and corticosteroids, neutropenia, severity of liver disease, improper medical manipulations as significant risk factors for fungal infection. Death rate of study group and control group was 59.1%, 34.8%, respectively (x2=36.0). In multivariate analysis, neutropenia, disseminated infection and severity of liver diseases were independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Identification of risk factors and predictors of a poor outcome in patients with severe hepatitis with fungal infections, it suggested that implications in prophylaxis of fungal infection, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy would be important for these patients.</p>